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Photo Album

German Submarines

Pictures of submarines of the German Kriegsmarine of 1935 to 1945 on display. U 505 is in Chicago, U 995 is located in Laboe near Kiel and U 2540 in Bremerhaven. More information about these and another boat in the article German Submarines.

2010 April 7 15 / 2014 March 11

Bremerhaven (161) Chicago (155) Germany (318) Illinois (155) Laboe (157) Museum of Science and Industry (155) Rabea (1) Type IX (155) Type VII (157) Type XXI (161) U 2540 (161) U 505 (155) U 995 (157)

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225
Controls of the hydroplanes.
226
A hatch on the floor of the control room.
227
Inside the control room.
228
A table of the rates of speed for the drive ahead or reverse.
229
Control of the steering gear.
230
A depth sounder.
231
If people hit their heads all the time, the should at least do so well padded.
232
Another table of the rates of speed and on the right side a "Underwater Telephone" (with english labels).
233
A map of the nothern inlet to Stralsund.
234
Inside the control room.
235
Instrument panel in the control room.
236
Inside the control room.
237
Pipes in the control room.
238
Periscope Type ASC 17 A2

The periscope (from greek Peri "around" and skopéin, "to watch"), is an optical instrument to observe from a cover. The invention goes back to Johannes Hevelius (published 1647).

Use

The periscope is mainly used in war to safely observe the surroundings from the submarine.

Layout and Operation

The basic set-up of the periscope is a tube which has mirrors or prisms at each end. These direct the incoming light rays into the tube and shifted parallely to the original direction out again. To an observer, looking into the bottom opening of a periscope, it looks like he's looking at the surroundings from a higher point of view. The mirrors are arranged in a 45° angle to the incoming and outgoing light ray which results in a perpendicular deviation. Prisms have the advantage that because of their total internal reflection, less light is lost compared to a mirror.

Often, a magnification factor if 1.5 is used, which, for psychological reasons, seems create the impression of a natural, plain 1-time magnification.

Because the image in common magnification systems is rotated by 180°, an image reversal is used, as with binoculars or telescopes for terrestrial observation, either a reversal prism or lens.
239
More pipes and a pressure gauge in the control room.
240
Inside the control room.
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